Saint Patrick’s Day (Irish: Lá ’le Pádraig or Lá Fhéile Pádraig), colloquially St. Paddy’s Day or Paddy’s Day, is an annual feast day which celebrates Saint Patrick (circa 385–461 AD), one of the patron saints of Ireland, and is generally celebrated on March 17.
The day is the national holiday of Ireland. It is a bank holiday in Northern Ireland, and a public holiday in the Republic of Ireland, Montserrat, and the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. In the rest of Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia, the United States and New Zealand, it is widely celebrated but is not an official holiday.
It became a feast day in the Roman Catholic Church due to the influence of the Waterford-born Franciscan scholar Luke
Wadding[1] in the early part of the 17th century, and is a holy day of obligation for Roman Catholics in Ireland. The date of the feast is occasionally moved by church authorities when March 17 falls during Holy Week; this happened in 1940 when Saint Patrick’s Day was observed on 3 April in order to avoid it coinciding with Palm Sunday, and is happening again in 2008, being observed on 15 March.[2] March 17 will not fall during Holy Week again until 2160.[3]
Celebration overview
Saint Patrick’s Day is celebrated worldwide by Irish people and increasingly by non-Irish people (usually in Australia, North America, Ireland) as well. Celebrations are generally themed around all things Irish and, by association, the colour green. Both Christians and non-Christians celebrate the secular version of the holiday by wearing green or orange, eating Irish food and/or green foods, imbibing Irish drink (such as Guinness) and attending parades.
The St. Patrick’s Day parade in Dublin, Ireland is part of a five-day festival; over 500,000 people attended the 2006 parade. The largest St. Patrick’s Day parade is held in New York City and it is watched by over 2 million spectators. The St. Patrick’s Day parade was first held in Boston in 1761, organized by the Charitable Irish Society. New York’s celebration began on 18 March 1762 when Irish soldiers in the British army marched through the city.[citation needed] The predominantly French-speaking Canadian city of Montréal, in the province of Québec has the longest continually running Saint Patrick’s day parade in North America, since 1824;[4] The city’s flag has the Irish emblem, the shamrock, in one of its corners. Ireland’s cities all hold their own parades and festivals, including Dublin, Cork, Belfast, Derry, Galway, Kilkenny, Limerick, and Waterford. Parades also take place in other Irish towns and villages.
“Leprechauns” kick off week-long festivities by renaming New London, Wisconsin to New Dublin
Other large parades include those in Savannah, Georgia ([3]), New London, Wisconsin (which changes its name to New Dublin the week of St. Patrick’s Day) ([4]), Dallas, Cleveland, Manchester, Birmingham, London, Coatbridge, Jackson, Mississippi, Boston, Houston, Chicago, Cincinnati,[5]Kansas City, Rolla, Philadelphia, Indianapolis, Pittsburgh, Denver, St. Paul, Sacramento, San Francisco, Scranton, Seattle, Butte, Detroit, Toronto, Vancouver, Syracuse, Newport, Holyoke and throughout much of the Western world. The parade held in Sydney, Australia is recorded as being the largest in the Southern Hemisphere.
As well as being a celebration of Irish culture, Saint Patrick’s Day is a Christian festival celebrated in the Catholic Church, the Church of Ireland, and some other denominations. The day almost always falls in the season of Lent. Some bishops will grant an indult, or release, from the Friday no-meat observance when St. Patrick’s Day falls on a Friday; this is sometimes colloquially known as a “corned-beef indult”.[5] When 17 March falls on a Sunday, church calendars (though rarely secular ones) move Saint Patrick’s Day to the following Monday—and when the 17th falls during Holy Week (very rarely), the observance will be moved to the next available date
or, exceptionally, before holy week.
In many parts of North America, Britain, and Australia, expatriate Irish and ever-growing crowds of people with no Irish connections but who may proclaim themselves “Irish for a day” also celebrate St. Patrick’s Day, usually with the consumption of traditionally Irish alcoholic beverages (beer and stout, such as Murphys, Beamish, Smithwicks, Harp, or Guinness; Irish whiskey; Irish coffee; or Baileys Irish Cream) and by wearing green-coloured clothing.
Wearing of the green
St. Patrick’s Blue, not green, was the colour long-associated with St. Patrick. Green, the colour most widely associated with Ireland, with Irish people, and with St. Patrick’s Day in modern times, may have gained its prominence through the phrase “the wearing of the green” meaning to wear a shamrock on one’s clothing. At many times in Irish history, to do so was seen as a sign of Irish nationalism or loyalty to the Roman Catholic faith. St. Patrick used the shamrock, a three-leaved plant, to explain the Holy Trinity to the pre-Christian Irish. The wearing of and display of shamrocks and shamrock-inspired designs have become a ubiquitous feature of the saint’s holiday.[7] The change to Ireland’s association with green rather than blue probably began around the 1750s.[8][9]
Dzień Świętego Patryka (ang. Saint Patrick’s Day, irl. Lá ‘le Pádraig lub Lá Fhéile Pádraig) – irlandzkie święto narodowe obchodzone 17 marca. Święto patrona Irlandii – św. Patryka. Święto obchodzone jest również poza Irlandią, także w Polsce, co jest związane zarówno z popularnością kultury celtyckiej, jak i pewnymi podobieństwami kulturowymi społeczności. W innych krajach święto to związane jest przede wszystkim z serwowaniem tradycyjnego, irlandzkiego “zielonego” piwa oraz pokazami irlandzkich tańców i muzyki.
Dzień Świętego Patryka jest dniem wolnym od pracy. Irlandczycy w wielu miastach organizują festyny i uliczne pochody, w których dominuje kolor zielony – symbolizujący koniczynę, przypisywaną tradycyjnie świętemu Patrykowi.
Patryk nie był pierwszym misjonarzem krzewiącym chrześcijaństwo w Irlandii, jednak to legendy o nim są żywe do dziś. Według podań, w początku V w., nastoletni wówczas Patryk został porwany przez piratów i wywieziony jako niewolnik na wyspy Irlandii, skąd udało mu się jednak uciec i powrócić do rodzinnych stron w Brytanii. Niedługo potem jednak, skłoniony proroczymi objawieniami, powrócił w celu chrystianizacji tego pogańskiego kraju. Z pomocą koniczyny tłumaczyć miał istnienie Trójcy Świętej, przez co stała się ona powszechnie uważana za symbol tego kraju. Według legend przywracał wzrok ślepcom, ożywiał zmarłych, a kraj uwolnił od plagi węży, które symbolizować miały również zło. Pod koniec życia dokonał chrztu kraju.